Compare & Contrast Mont Blanc & Tintern Abbey

Shelley’s â€Å"Mont Blanc† and Wordsworth’s â€Å"Tintern Abbey† are poems written regarding nature and its connection to humanity, deities and the human consciousness; these poems can be read as a conversation between each other and their creators.A conversation where Shelley not only echoes and agrees with many of Wordsworth’s views regarding: nature and its awe- inspiring beauty, ability to mesmerize and the presence of majestical divinity amongst all things natural but also, a conversational moment where Shelley steps away from Wordsworth by expressing different views regarding the type of power nature exudes and how nature should affect and effect the human consciousness and life.Where Wordsworth feels peace, Shelley feels fear; Wordsworth sees himself amongst nature, Shelley sees himself amongst man and gains a greater understanding of the surrounding natural world. In the poems, â€Å"Mont Blanc† and â€Å"Tintern Abbey† their is a description of a landscape that, for the writer, the sight brings upon a philosophical questioning and reflection in which both writers gain a better and deeper relationship with nature. In â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, Wordsworth writes: And mountains; and of all that we behold From this green earth; of all the mighty worldOf eye, and ear, – both what they half create, And what perceive; well pleased to recognize In nature and the language of the sense, (104-109) Wordsworth believes that the natural world they see and their mind are directly connected, a philosophy that Shelley agrees with and echoes in his writings of â€Å"Mont Blanc†: I seem as in a trance sublime and strange To muse on my own separate phantasy, My own, my human mind, which passively Now renders and receives fast influencing, Holding and unremitting interchange With the clear universe of things around (35-40)Wordsworth writes of the â€Å"eye† and â€Å"ear† and their conjoined an d equal creative force, meaning it is not only what is seen but also what is heard that works with the minds understanding of viewing the natural world. Neither man can look at nature without looking at their mind and pondering on their ability to aid in the creation of the scene that unfolds. For Shelley, it is not the â€Å"eye† nor â€Å"ear† of Wordsworth’s writings but instead it is â€Å"My own, my human mind† (MB 37) rapidly â€Å"rendering â€Å" and â€Å"receiving† a clear depiction of nature. Shelley echoes the musings of Wordsworth regarding a divine presence amongst the workings of nature.Wordsworth writes of â€Å"A motion and a spirit†¦ † that â€Å"rolls through all things†; while Shelley writes of, â€Å"The everlasting universe of things† that â€Å"flows through the mind†. Shelley’s poem echoes Wordsworth’s ideas by writing of a â€Å"flowing† movement to reflect upon Wordsw orth’s â€Å"rolling† movement; the use of both words depict a definitive unstoppable force, constant in motion, guided by unseen momentum and most importantly something that is being controlled by neither nature nor their minds; this use relates both poems to that of a divine being or guiding force.While the inclusion of their mind in the experience and the presence of a greater being are in agreement, it is regarding the importance and feeling of humanity and the power of nature, are where the ideas and views of Wordsworth and Shelley begin to differ. Shelley diverts from the original musings of Wordsworth and that of â€Å"Tintern Abbey† regarding the feelings of nature altering or taking over the soul, transforming it from that of human to that of nature.In â€Å"Tintern Abbey†, Wordsworth is one with nature; he feels disconnected from humanity and his mind, body and soul work together with nature. When he thinks back to a particular scene and moment, he is then transported there and becomes one with the nature around him. No longer being a human witness but instead becoming a part of nature itself. Wordsworth writes: Though changed, no doubt, from what I was when first I came among these hills; when like a roeI bounded o’er the mountains, by the sides Of the deep rivers, and the lonely streams, Wherever nature led: more like a man Flying from something that he dreads, than one Who sought the thing he loved. For nature then†¦ †¦ To me was all in all†¦ (66 – 75) Wordsworth’s relationship with nature is honest and nurturing, he gives life to the scene through his mind and in return the moment gives him peace and comfort, he steps away from his humanity and becomes one with nature.However, Shelley’s view of nature differs from that of Wordsworth’s and is shown within his writings; his relationship with nature is one at odds with man; nature grows and lives to its immense godlike pow er and this display of power effects the ease and comfort of the human mind and humanity. The size, depth, danger, darkness and power of nature reminds him of his fragile humanity while also creating the question of how it can it be so powerful and all consuming when the human mind is its partial inventor.Wordsworth states that â€Å"Nature never did betray the heart that loved her† (TA 122), Shelley believes, nature revels in its power, fear inducing and awe inspiring capabilities, instability and ability to make small of the human observing in its wake. Shelley believes nature tricks the human to believe it is inconsequential in not only relation to but also in opposition to nature; he also proves nature dishonest in its created feelings of ease and safety. The fields, the lakes, the forests and the streams,Oceans, and all the living things that dwell With in the [intricately formed] earth: lightning and rain Earthquake, and fiery flood, and hurricane. (84 – 87) In t his passage, Shelley mentions the peaceful nature of Wordsworth, followed immediately by the nature he sees and feels; the nature of power, destruction, instability, and terror. Shelley speaks of deception and secrets regarding the mighty mountain and its being; from the â€Å"Dizzy Ravine! † (MB 34) to â€Å"some shade of thee, / Some phantom, some faint image†¦ (MB 46 – 47) and â€Å"The glaciers [that] creep / Like snakes that watch there prey, from their far fountains, (MB 100 – 101); his use of these descriptions and words creates a strong feeling of uncertainty regarding the comfort and safety that is empowered in Wordsworth’s writings. Shelley turns away from the tame â€Å"landscape with the quiet sky† (TA 8), â€Å"The banks of this delightful stream† (TA 150) and the clear, bright and exact view seen through Wordsworth’s mind and eye; instead he gives us the wild and untamed: Thus thou, Ravine of Arve – dark, d eep Ravine-Thou many-coloured, many-voiced vale, Over whose pines, and crags, and caverns sail Fast cloud shadows and sunbeams: awful scene†¦ Bursting through these dark mountains like the flame Of lightning through the tempest;†¦ (12 – 19) The use of â€Å"many-coloured† and â€Å"many-voiced†, emphasizing the wild, untamed unpredictability that Shelley believes to be true in nature. Shelley’s feeling of deception regarding nature and humanities place amongst it questions the answers Wordsworth has deposed upon Dorothy and the reader in â€Å"Tintern Abbey†.Wordsworth is purely content believing nature to be the nurturing mother to his human imaginative and spiritual mind, there is no question or doubt within his mind that nature will ease him in times of need, bring him life and peace when driven to thoughts of nature; he feels that his mind is along for the ride that nature beauty has unveiled and it will always result in a feeling of comfort, acceptance and oneness with the wilderness. However Shelley questions who is the nurturer, the creator and the holder of power.While we are minute in physical size to the depth of nature and its beauty, the mind is the inventor of the feelings and visualizations of such sublimity. In other words, how does the human mind pale in comparison to the mighty godlike force of nature if the human mind is what created such a formidable foe; â€Å"And what were thou, and earth, and stars, and sea, / If to the human mind’s imaginings / Silence and solitude were vacancy? † (MB 142 – 144).

Documents in a Business Environment

The different styles of documents that could be used are spreadsheets, data sheets, slide shows, letters, fax documents and memos. The documents could be printed or they could be electronic format. 1. 2. When you create a document and store it onto your computed you can save it as different formats e. g. plain text (. txt) Microsoft word (. doc). PDF is another format that can be used but is not editable but you are able to change the formats from PDF to Microsoft word when saving. . 3. The documents I produce reflect the company itself so if I produce low quality ocuments with mistakes it doesn't give the company a professional image. A good quality document gives the customer a professional feel for the company and makes it easy to read, this also attracts the customers to the product. If the document is high quality it makes the documents easy to follow for the customer which gives them less work to do. 2. 2. 1 . To produce high quality documents there is many ways to do so.A high quality printer is a must for quality print outs, also a high quality photocopier so you get a neat clear print. A scanner is also very useful so you scan documents to their original orm. To make the documents look good quality you can add pictures to the document to give it a friendly look e. g. adding your company logo. You should also use a simple layout for a near look using a font size that everyone will be able to read. 2. 2. Different resources to produce documents could be the internet, spreadsheets, PowerPoint, Photoshop. 2. 3.Different types of technology available for inputting, formatting and editing text could be – A Computer (monitor, keyboard and mouse) or laptop. Printer or scanner and also word processing software. A normal way of adding text into a computer is hrough a keyboard that usually comes with the computer itself. All keyboards are laid out in near enough the same format. You press the letters on the keyboard that is then transferred onto your word document on the computer screen. In most organisations the word document that is used is Microsoft word.Microsoft word gives you many different ways to help you input and edit your text. You are able to use many different styles of fonts and are able to choose what size font you would like to use. You are also able to do a spell check which scans your full document looking tor any spelling mis ption to correct them. takes that nave occurred and gives you 3. 3. 1 . The benefits of agreeing the purpose, content, style and deadlines for the production of documents is that all documents are written to a specific audience and have a consistent message.The information in the document is easy to access and is clear, accurate and is readable. 3. 2. Before you start getting your documents together and organising them you need to find out how the documents is going to be presented, the information that is going to be in the document, who the document is for. You need to plan how long the ocum ent can be as you don't want to make it too long but don't want to not include not enough information and most importantly you need to know what the purpose of the document is.If you are producing a document you have never done before it would be best to do a rough plan of your work before you do the real copy and also you need to write in the right format (formal or informal) 3. 3. Text and non-text can easily be added into Microsoft word as it enables you to insert pictures, graphs, clip art and also text boxes. Microsoft excel and PowerPoint are other examples of programs that you can also add text and non-text to. . 4. Most word programs have integrated spell checkers that are constantly checking every work you type onto the document.Spell checkers are not always correct, for example it could try to correct â€Å"your† to you're† when it is not needed. Also, spell- check does not have every word so sometimes you will need to add your own words to the dictionary so n ext time you type it, it will show as correct. On Microsoft work to do a full spell check you go to ‘Review on the top bar and click ‘Spelling & grammar' on the left. 3. 5. Important documents whether majorly important or hardly important still have o be stored securely following certain policies and procedures like the Data Protection Act. It could be physical storage e. . putting into files or boxes and put away. Or it could be digital storage e. g. storing onto a hard drive or usb stick. Files that are stored in anyway have to be stored safely that no one else other than the people authorised can get access to. 3. 6. If personal information gets released to people without permission to see it can have serious consequences as it should be protected by the data protection act. t is important to meet deadlines because it saves time which means it saves oney and also we want to meet deadlines so we get things done quick and we are ahead of our competitors.Not meeting your deadlines means other people who are working on the same case can also not meet their deadlines as they have to wait on you. For example, if i do not get a pack out by 4. 45pm on the day the deal is sold the advisors have to wait another day on top of waiting to receive the pack back to submit the pack to the lender. This overall effects the income of the company which effects everyone else's salary and disrupts any bonus system put in place.

Nursing Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Leadership - Essay Example This is what, in turn, moulds the outlook of the nurses, patients and relations. There is a requirement of leadership in nursing for there to be an efficient running of everyday functions. However, this cannot be termed as the mere part that nursing leadership plays. Another role of nursing leadership is to know the way visions can be made to be realized (El-Meligi, 2005), which means, the way patients can be provided with a safe climate or the way they can be treated such that they feel respected. Every nurse administrator attempts to develop accurate prescriptions for care delivery systems which can be capable of providing high-quality and gainful patient results. For explaining what quality of nursing care is it can be said that it is the care which the nurses provide in keeping with the conventional nursing care standards (Grujic, O'Sullivan, & Wehrmacher, 1989). There are several determinants which can be made use of for determining the kind of nursing care that is being provided.

Green Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Green Economics - Essay Example Green economics have so far been considered external to mainstream economics and there is a lot of discussion about whether they have any major points in similar. Green economics states that in the world we live in, needs looking after and if our daily transactions or dealings with each other affect the natural atmosphere, then it should be taken into account in decision making. As the natural resources are scarce, we can not use them wastefully, thus, our use of them should be noted. Besides, as our actions affect other human beings, such as a business decision affecting its consumers, suppliers, workers, shareholders, bank, the society and community etc, our actions can also affect non-human things such as plants, animals, the environment or the ecology and the different natural systems that exists around us. Green economics broadly encompasses the natural environment too while talking about social justice and other economic matters and has questioned some of the assumptions made by the classical economics. For this reason, it is often called non-neoclassical economics. ... Firms and individual also act separately on the basis on information and they have perfect knowledge. The assumptions of neoclassical theories include the profit maximizing behaviour of firms and the derivation of demand curves from the consumer indifference curves and budget lines to maximize their utility. Factors of production are analyzed by supply curves. It emphasizes on equilibrium and the aggregation of individual and firms' demands and supply curves. Bodies which shape up individual behaviour or are considered not as important are not emphasized. The conventional economics has taken a lot from this neoclassical approach in its assumptions and at the basic microeconomics level. Despite these derivations, there have been many individuals and economists who have criticized the neoclassical theories, especially when it came to the lack of attention given to the environment or the ecology. Green critics say that mainstream economists consider environmental and ecological considerations as externalities, which are a cost or benefit arising from an economic transaction or deal that affects a third party or people who are not directly related to the transaction. Conventional economics assume that the society's preferences are fixed and does not change or evolve with time or analysis. The green economists have often also shown distrust about capitalism which refers to an economic system where ownership is in private hands and economic decisions are made by the market economy. They do not believe that the "invisible hand" as called by Adam Smith makes the best decisions. The theory that self interest of individuals make them act in a certain way which brings

The extended analysis about Aren't You Happy for Me Essay

The extended analysis about Aren't You Happy for Me - Essay Example Another writer that considers the twists and turns of existence is Nuruddin Farah. Like ‘Aren’t You Happy for Me?’, Farah’s ‘My Father, the Englishman, and I’ considers the complexities of life and familial relations. Specifically this story traces a child’s remembrance of interacting with an Englishman at a treating signing occasion. This essay examines the specific narrative, symbolic, and metaphorical techniques Bausch implements in creating meaning in ‘Aren’t You Happy for Me?’ and the literary techniques Farah implements in ‘My Father, the Englishman, and I’. While Bausch explicates the story in a clear way, the narrative is structured as to heighten the meaning. One of the overarching recognitions, in these regards, is the way Bausch constructs the story in a suspenseful way. Perhaps the most prominent means that Bausch constructs the story to gain suspense is by having the daughter gradually reveal more information about her situation. In this way, the story begins with the daughter teaching her father to pronounce someone’s name. This way the reader immediately begins to question what is occurring in the story. This method is implemented as a major plot device throughout much of the text. Another means of expanding suspense throughout the story is through the daughter, Melanie, gradually informing her father of the full extent of her sensational situation. In this way, she begins by informing her father that she is getting engaged. Following this revelation she indicates that she is also pregnant. The final revelation, however, is that the man she is marrying and having a child with is actually sixty-three years old. Melanie states, â€Å"She took a breath. "Dad, William's sixty - he's - he's sixty - sixty-three years old" (Bausch). In this way Bausch situates the information that is revealed in a progressive way as a means of heightening the tension and suspense thr oughout the story. While the development of suspense is a major narrative technique, Bausch also particularly cognizant of the way that information is revealed to different characters, as well as the reader. Indeed, the story remains strongly linked to the means that the information is revealed to particular characters. One of the most prominent concerns in terms of the way information is revealed is the way that the mother is away from the events on the phone. During the early portions of the story she is only referenced in the garden outside. Bausch writes, â€Å"Outside the window, his wife, with no notion of what she was about to be hit with, looked through the patterns of shade in the blinds and, seeing him, waved† (Bausch). In this instance, Bausch not only indicates the wife is unaware of the events, but uses her ignorance as a means of creating an ironic statement; this may also function as criticism of the patriarchal household, where women actively assume a subordin ate role. An additional concern is the recognition that the reader remains ignorant of the daughter’s new in the same way that the father remains ignorant. Namely, at the same time Melanie reveals information to the father the reader discovers this information. Ultimately then Bausch’s use of suspense thoroughly allows the reader to experience the father’s state of surprise. While the narrative elements of suspense and information are highly important in the text, Bausch also pays particular attention to other means of

See word Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

See word - Assignment Example Florida Christian School is a well-structured Christian school created by Christian around Miami. The school is strategically located in Miami Dade County and easily accessible by the community around. It is located at  4200 SW 89th Ave. It provides Christian based academic skills and knowledge of Miami and other Christian communities across the country. The school formulates payment structure and competitive fees that best suits the community around Miami. The pricing strategy applied by the institution attracts many parents to offer their children into this institution. To enhance its competitive advantage in an academic institution, Florida offers a multiple child discount for additional siblings enrolled in the institution who live in the same household. In this perspective, a 10 percent discount is provided for each second child enrolled 20 percent reduction to the third child and 30 percent reduction of fee payment to the fourth child. On the other hand, the institution provides an annual plan that offers a 6 percent reduction of the annual fee if payment is made in full by June 1st. The institution is very innovative in establishing promotional activities that increase the institution’s brand name in the community and across the country. In this respect, the institution created a website link that is easily accessible to potential international students and parents. On the other hand, the institution produces periodic journals distributed to parents and other stakeholders. In an attempt to reach into more communities, the institution selected a unique color matching of its uniform with institution logo and other relevant information on it. Concisely, the institution is well positioned in the market to attract parents and to gain competitive advantage. Its main core competence in providing Christian based education and pocket friendly fee

The government is proposing to introduce penalty duties of 30% on all Essay

The government is proposing to introduce penalty duties of 30% on all manufactured imports where the importer fails to prove that the producer is reducing its carbon emissions by at least 3% per year - Essay Example The plan will affect the lives of the general public in terms of costs of commodities in the local markets and loss of jobs. Economically, the amount of imported goods will decrease and trade balance might shift to the exports. There are scholars who have come up with better proposals that the government should go through and determine which one is most viable. The proposed plan has its pros and cons but the pros outweigh the setbacks. It is in everyone’s best interest to fight global warming at any cost. The government should look into providing compensations to the affected bracket of the citizens by the proposal. There should also be tax cuts introduced if the proposed plan takes effect. The government should also provide incentives to business firms to reduce emission of carbon. The British government has been working on reducing air pollution for decades. Environmentalists have made sure that the government keeps on its toes on the issue of emissions especially from manufacturing plants within the country. Emission of carbon and other gases that pollute the air and consequently contribute to the rise in global warming are being discouraged. To address this, the government has devised incentives that will ensure that local manufacturing industries adhere to the newly drafted emissions law. Companies are required to purchase permits from the required authorities according to their level of emissions. Global warming is a global issue hence the British government in conjunction with other countries worldwide has engaged in talks on the most feasible way to tackle emissions. It is during these talks that the participants devised a strategic plan that will ensure that every individual and company observes the requirements of emissions. The following report to The National business league will focus on the proposed plan to introduce penalty duties of 30% on all

Impact of Social Networking and Blogging on Internet Usage Essay

Impact of Social Networking and Blogging on Internet Usage - Essay Example These are just limited uses of blogging and social networking. The wide spectrum of using these interactivities online entails that blogging and social networking bring people closer and turning the world into a global village where there are no distances (Jacqui 2010). Introduction Social networking has become an integral part of millions of Internet users around the world. When people come back to home from their work places and educational institutes, the first thing most of them prefer to do is to check their personal profiles on social networking websites, such as Facebook, Twitter and many others. They find it a facilitating medium for interacting with hundreds of people within and outside their national borders. Social network or social networking websites actually provides Internet user a virtual interface where they can share their ideas and thoughts. The social networking websites are usually used for studying the social relationships of people. The term social networking d escribes a person’s or group of persons’ social structure and is determined with the help of their communication and interaction with others (Lusted 2011, Aleman and Wartman 2009). On the other hand, blogs or blogging websites provides a personal space to Internet users where they can lodge their posts, ides, believes and views on certain issues, keeping in view the area of interest. Blogs usually contain write-up of a person, group of personals or organization aiming to discuss a single agenda subject. Scholars and web technologists first utilized blogs in 90s and to post content containing ideas and beliefs of these scholars and technologists. Since then, non-technical users are using blogs as well (Rettberg 2008). Social media and blogs has attracted masses towards utilizing these internet tools to share ideas, market their products and services and help out individuals who are looking for solutions to their problems, let it be professional or academic one. A resear ch conducted by University of Maryland reveals that people across the globe are becoming addicted to using social networking sites and blogs. Social media especially has become a major source of communicating with rest of the world. The academic research conducted on understanding how the social networking sites are reshaping the behavior states that Facebook, world’s most used social networking website, has become a primary source of communication among students. On professional level, social networking and blogging is utilized extensively for providing business solutions and discussing new technologies and innovations. In broader spectrum, Internet usage has increased after the introduction of blogging and social networking websites and the analysis of statistical data shows that it is expected to increase even more. Academic Usage of Internet Societies and individuals living in these societies are of the view that their internet usage has increased since the arrival of inf otainment add ons like Facebook, Twitter, Blogger Online, Flickr, and others (Ishak 2010). This is because these individuals can share their precious moments with others, and also, take guidance and suggestions regarding the problems and issues they are facing. Students goes to social networking sites and blogs at least four times a day in order to keep in touch with their friends, to ask their teachers for solutions to

Calculation of Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Calculation of Values - Essay Example The following data are considered not valid for analysis: results that were reported erroneously (reporting errors) such as data with inappropriate units and "results reported as approximately 10, 100 or 1000 times greater or smaller than the majority of submitted results" (Croucher, 2004); results reported as not detected (n.d.); and results from participants not quoting a percentage recovery. Aside from these non-valid data, each report has the following points to be considered for removal of non-valid data. Results for total fat recorded without any reference to the use of an acid hydrolysis step; and nitrogen results that appeared to be for protein i.e. results approximately a factor of 6 greater than the majority of results (Knaggs, 2004a). Results reported as 0 ug/kg; results from participants not quoting a percentage recovery or stating na, EXCEPT for total AF, where participants submitted results that were the sum of their recovery corrected individual aflatoxins (Walker, 2005). Participants reporting not detected and subsequently assigned a result of 0g/kg; results from participants whose recovery is outside the range 70-110%; and results below the stated LOQ including results with no LOQ stated (Leach, 2005). The value of p estimates the limits ... t of 0g/kg; results from participants whose recovery is outside the range 70-110%; and results below the stated LOQ including results with no LOQ stated (Leach, 2005). ii) Minimizing the influence of outliers by the use of a robust statistical procedure to derive the mean iii) Normality (Kolmogorov - Smirnov test), or otherwise, of the distribution of the results is considered. iv) Assessment of the standard uncertainty () of the robust mean = /n, = the standard deviation of the robust mean n = the number of data points used to calculate the robust mean B. Target Standard Deviation for the Round The value of p estimates the limits of a satisfactory performance in a FAPAS proficiency test (FAPAS, 2002). In cases where the value of p does not reflect best practice for the analyses in question, the predictive models of the appropriate form of the Horwitz equation are valuable indicators of the best practice. This equation predicts a standard deviation from a given concentration (c) and requires c to be expressed as a dimensionless mass ratio (1ppm = 10-6 or % = 10-2) i) For analyte concentrations= (0.22c) / mr ii) For analyte concentrations 120 ppb and 13.8% = (0.2c0.8495) / mr iii) For analyte concentrations > 13.8 % = (0.01c0.5) / mr where, c = concentration (assigned value), expressed as a dimensionless mass ratio mr = dimensionless mass ratio. In all reports, the was calculated according to the equations above. In report 0141 however only the value of for the ash was estimated in this manner. The value of for moisture, total fat, nitrogen and hydroxyproline was derived from collaborative trial data assuming a linear relationship : = (RSDR / 100)c where, RSDR = Relative

Consent and learning disability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consent and learning disability - Essay Example People with learning disabilities may have difficulty with the second key component. Yet as part of their autonomy requirements consent cannot be denied to them and it is essential that there is an understanding of the manner in which their autonomy can be enhanced and not compromised. With more and more people with learning disabilities in the United Kingdom seeking generic health care services, as a result of the policies of the health care authorities, consent with regard to people with learning difficulties becomes a significant issue for professionals involved with providing health care services to people with learning difficulties (Brittle, 2004). In the United Kingdom nearly one-and-half million people are estimated to be affected by learning disabilities. Two factors need to be considered when addressing people with learning difficulties. The first is that learning difficulty remains with these individuals throughout the course of their life and the second is that these individuals have their own likes and dislikes, history and opinions and possess the same rights like any other citizen of the United Kingdom. The Royal College of Nursing Learning Disability Nursing Forum, 2006, relates learning difficulties to those individuals, who demonstrate the characteristics of â€Å"a significant impairment of intelligence, a significant impairment of adaptive function and age of onset before adulthood† (The Royal College of Nursing Learning Disability Nursing Forum, 2006). There are no laboratory tests or imaging tests that form the basis of identifying individuals with learning tests. The measure of intelligence based on cognitive assessment, whereby the intelligence quotient (IQ) score is ascertained, is the means to identifying people with learning difficulties. Such IQ tests evaluate the abilities of an individual in areas such as comprehension, expression, knowledge, abstract thinking, memory and problem-solving skills. These tests are normally

Industrial Revolution In Great Britain Essay Example for Free

Industrial Revolution In Great Britain Essay The Industrial Revolution touched all over the world with an unprecedented degree bringing their economic, social, political and cultural spheres in its domain. Started in England in 18th and 19th century, it brought a complete change to the economy of England transferring it from agrarian to Industrial Economy. All the important centers were flourishing with the Mills and factories, and whole of England hummed with the rattle of looms and the boom of weaving machines. It was a period of intellectual thoughts and scientific innovations. Science once a sealed book saved to an elect few was democratized, and more and more scientific enthusiasts dedicated themselves to the popularization of scientific works like Darwin’s origin of species. The man of science was no longer an academic recluse, but a social figure exercising a deep and profound influence on the social and educational life of the age. Industrial revolution also swept with its broom of scientific inventions, the old conventions of the England, European and American Society. As Harold Perkin said, â€Å"the Industrial Revolution was no mere sequence of changes in industrial techniques and production, but a social revolution with social causes as well as profound social effects. †1 According to an Economic historian, â€Å"In 1960 it was England which first brought into effect, â€Å"The takeoff into self-sustained growth. 2 Till the end of the nineteenth century England was the Workshop of the World, and after that Germany, Japan and United States took over. Over and above Industrial Revolution also reflected the capacity of man to overcome nature. 1. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History, The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Last Revised: October 11, 2006 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. historyguide. org/intellect/lecture17a. html 2. ibid. In 17th century Father of Modern Science, Francis Bacon (1561-1626) even said that natural philosophy which is called as Science could be applied to solve all the practical problems faced by man. He raised the question how the man could attain perfect freedom if he had to labour to supply the necessities of existence and the answer was obviously, with the help of machines. These devices could free the mankind from excessive pressures of labour, which could be utilized in some other useful and productive purpose. 1 In 1745, Benjamin Franklin’s Fluid theory was a scientific revolution which led to the birth of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1700s. This Fluid theory was also called as Franklins theory of the Matter of Electricity and of Heat. After that there were spurt of inventions that led the world to take the shape where we are sitting now. 2 When the Industrial revolution was at its adolescent stage, the important source of power that was commonly used was coal followed by Iron and Steam. They were predominantly in use by brewing, metalworking, and glass and ceramics industries. The English industrialist Abraham Darby used high-carbon, which was converted form of coal and produced iron from iron ore. This coke became a good substitute of charcoal and the Metal makers used coal and coke abundantly to produce raw iron, bar iron, and other metals. 3 The invention of Steam engine to pump water was the greatest invention ever, which was first invented by an English engineer Thomas Savery in 1689 to pump water from mines. In 1712 Thomas Newcomen invented its improvised version. 4 1. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History, The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Last Revised: October 11, 2006 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. historyguide. org/intellect/lecture17a. html 2. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite 3. Edward Lewis, â€Å"Introductory Essay: Is It Possible to Predict Scientific and Economic Development? † The Periodic Production of Rationalized Phenomena and the Past Periodic Depressions, April 16, 1999 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://cust38. metawerx. com. au/rusart. html 4. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite James Watt, a Scottish engineer formed an engineering partnership with manufacturer Matthew Boulton in 1775, which was a major step in Industrial Revolution and proved as creative technical center for British economy. 1 The Industrial Revolution also owes much to the development of Textile Industry. In 1733, John Kay invented a flying shuttle, which mechanized the process of weaving. By 1770, British inventor and industrialist James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny, which spines large number of threads at once, and Richard Arkwright invented water-powered spinning machine, which allowed single spinner to develop various strands of yarn at one go. Slowly and slowly machines run by water or steam filled large, new mills and factories. The results of these inventions were the increase in the output of goods per worker. Now a single spinner or weaver can churn out the volumes of yarn or cloth as compared to earlier workers. This achievement of Man was a milestone in the human history. 2 Industrial revolution was started in Wales in the second half of the 18th century, but as it was predominantly an agrarian economy, there was very little progress. Around 1811 the inhabitants of 79 out of the 8,800 villages of Wales were still dependent on the agriculture. Slowly and slowly, during the reign of Elizabeth 1 Industries started began to sprung up for e. g. Iron making in Pontypool and Bersham, lead and silver mining in Flintshire and Cardiganshire, copper smelting in Neath and Swansea and coalmining in west Glamorgan and lintshire and changed the whole economy of Wales. With the adoption of crop rotation, the use of lime, the enclosure of wasteland and the development of proto-industrial production, especially in the woolen industry, there was significant progress. And as soon as 18th century approached there were 19 metalworks at Holywell, 14 potteries at Buckley, cotton mills at Holywell and Mold, lead and coalmines at Bersham saw the dawn of the new era. 3 1. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite 2. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, ibid. 3. bbc. co. uk, Wales History, Retrieved 23 April 2007, http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/industrial_revolution01. shtml Corts puddling process, which was invented in Wales in 1784, was responsible for the increase in the rate of iron production and became so popular in Wales that it came to be known as the Welsh method. Bersham also invented cylinders, which were predominantly used in Watts engines and the ironworks being carried out in South Wales. In Wales only the first experiment of Locomotion was conducted and also supplied fuel for steam engines. 1 The new era of railways started in Wales only with Richard Trevithick, a Cornish engineer, who on 21st February 1804, ran a steam engine from Merthyr Tydfil to Abercynon. This train pulled 10 tons of iron and seventy passengers who jumped on it to take their first ride in the World, 2 later it was embraced by George Stephenson who was an engineer in the mining industry. He started the steam engines that pulled wagons up from the pit face. After this development he built a locomotive in 1814. George Stephenson was also appointed as a chief engineer of first railways between Stockton and Darlington. He later manufactured the famous Rocket, between Manchester to Liverpool line in 1830. 3 Though this Industrial revolution brought material advancement and Industrial progress yet spread the social unrest and economic distress. On one hand it created the privilege class of capitalists and mill owners but also brought in its wake the semi starved and ill class of labourers. As and as there were increase in Factories the people were shifting towards cities and towns. The cities increased to more than 20,000 and of Wales increased from 12 in 1800 to 200 at the end of the century. 4 1. bbc. co. uk, Wales History, Retrieved 23 April 2007, http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/industrial_revolution02. shtml 2. Wisdom and walks in the valleys of Southwales, Heroes of the Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. wisdomandwalks. co. uk/products. asp? ProductID=1 3. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Inventions that fuelled the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/inventions. htm 4 David E. Newton, â€Å"Industrial Revolution-Effects Of The Industrial Revolution† Science Encyclopedia Vol. 3 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://science. jrank. org/pages/3574/Industrial-Revolution-Effects-Industrial-Revolution. html This abject suffering, which labor class had to go through was an edible proof of the fact that Industrial Revolution was more of a curse than a boon. The whole landscape of Wales gave a look of devastated â€Å"Waste Land† with coal -mines, factories and mills churning out steams reducing the beauty of the nature to the elbow edge. The safety devices were very meager causing deaths and accidents. There were every year 43,000 cases of widow hood, and 112,000 cases of destitute orphanage in England and Wales alone. 1 With all this the growing importance of masses and the large number of Factory hands gave a spurt to the Reform Bills in the form of Factory Acts to give some relief to the children and women. 2 The Industrial revolution also opened the doors for women now finding their place in textile Industries, work shops and even in coal mines. In Wales the population in the quarrying sector became three times more. 3 Group of Non-conformist quarrymen constructed a chapel in their working area which they called by the name of Bethesda and it went on increasing with the population of 8,291 in 1881 in the Parish of Llanllechid compared to 1332 in 1801. 4 The living standard of the people had also considerably changed and they were living in either cottagers, or stone strewn slopes, such as Cilgwyn, or living in terraced houses, such as in Bethesda or Blaenau Ffestiniog. Only few had gardens and pigsty at the other end of the house. The wages of workers varied between 8d (3? p) to 1/- (5p) per day and the copper miners at Mynydd Parys were getting from 1/- to 1/8 per day. 5 1. Everything 2, The Industrial Revolution: Blessing or curse for the working class? Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://everything2. com/index. pl? node_id=983010 2. Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. fatbadgers. co. uk/Britain/revolution. htm 3. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Working Conditions in the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/workingconditions. htm 4. Women in History World, The Plight of Womens Work in the EarlyIndustrial Revolution in England and Wales Retrieved 23 April , 2007 http://www. womeninworldhistory. com/lesson7. html 5. Slatesite, The History of Quarrying The Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. llechicymru. info/IHistindRev. english. htm Both the Industrial Revolution and Scientific advancement brought a complex society with social problems on one hand and democratic consciousness on the other. There was a conflict between aristocracy and plutocracy as well as democracy and socialism. The last vestige of personal government and divine rights of rulers vanished and the House of Commons became the ruling power.WORKS CITED 1. bbc. co. uk, Wales History, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. bbc. co. uk/wales/history/sites/nation/pages/industrial_revolution01. shtml 2 Everything 2, The Industrial Revolution: Blessing or curse for the working class? Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://everything2. com/index. pl? node_id=983010 3. Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. fatbadgers. co. uk/Britain/revolution. htm 4. Lewis Edward, â€Å"Introductory Essay: Is It Possible to Predict Scientific and Economic Development? † The Periodic Production of Rationalized Phenomena and the Past Periodic Depressions, April 16, 1999 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://cust38. metawerx. com. au/rusart. html 5. Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2007, Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution. html#howtocite 6. Newton E. David, â€Å"Industrial Revolution-Effects Of The Industrial Revolution† Science Encyclopedia Vol. 3, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://science. jrank. org/pages/3574/Industrial-Revolution-Effects-Industrial- Revolution. html 7. Slatesite, The History of Quarrying The Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. llechicymru. info/IHistindRev. english. htm 8. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Working Conditions in the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/workingconditions. htm 9. SchoolsHistory. org. uk, Inventions that fuelled the Industrial Revolution Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. schoolshistory. org. uk/IndustrialRevolution/inventions. htm 10. The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History, The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England, Last Revised: October 11, 2006 Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. historyguide. org/intellect/lecture17a. html 11. Wisdom and walks in the valleys of Southwales, Heroes of the Industrial Revolution, Retrieved 23 April 2007 http://www. wisdomandwalks. co. uk/products. asp? ProductID=1 12. Women in History World, The Plight of Womens Work in the EarlyIndustrial Revolution in England and Wales Retrieved 23 April, 2007 http://www. womeninworldhistory. com/lesson7. html

Philippine Rice Farmers Socioeconomic Status Essay Example for Free

Philippine Rice Farmers Socioeconomic Status Essay Rice farmers’ socioeconomic status better when they venture into other businesses. The economic and social status of Filipino rice farmers and their families has steadily improved during the last decade, not because they depended on rice, but because they ventured into other activities that supplemented their income from rice. This was shown by a study conducted by the Socioeconomics Division of the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice). The study group, led by Divina Gracia Vergara, focused on trends transpiring in rice-based farm households and rice lands, and among farmer operators in 33 provinces for the last 10 years. â€Å"This intensive study captures the farmers’ image from 1996 to 2007,† Vergara said. The study shows that the rice-based farm household income is increasing, as gross household income went up from P68,974.85 in 1996-97 to P127,799.95 in 2006-07. The finding is also consistent with the result showing that almost 60 percent of the households are above poverty level (57 percent) in the 2006-07 period. Furthermore, the share of nonfarming activities as a source of income had steadily been increasing, as the study found that rice and rice-based farmers are now engaged in other businesses, such as rubber production, wood craft, welding and work overseas. â€Å"This finding implies an important question. The question in the long run will be about the presence of household members who are willing to pursue rice farming in the future or dependence of rice-farm households on hired labor for the management of their farms,† Vergara said. Aside from improving the status of rice-based households and increasing their income, Vergara also learned that the number of farmers owning rice land had been increasing by 10 percent for the last 10 years. Moreover, there is also an increase in farmers’ yields regardless of season from 3.30 ton per hectare (t/ha) to 3.72 t/ha during the wet season, and 3.37 t/ha to 3.94 t/ha during the dry season. Across three survey rounds, most villages are located in irrigated areas, and results show that irrigation is expanding from 60 percent to 66 percent. The current trend revealed by the study also suggests that highly educated persons are venturing into rice farming, although the majority is modestly educated or with elementary education only. There is a 2-percent increase in the number of farmers with at least a college education venturing into rice farming. In terms of organizing farmers, however, results show that more than 50 percent of the respondents are not affiliated with rice or rice-based organizations. Most of them have not also undergone training since 2004. Noting that half of the farmer-respondents have been farming for 20 years, Vergara also said farmers’ households are benefiting from the technologies and services that are being provided by the government. Despite the interventions, however, average yields gained during the dry and wet seasons are still below the experimental and on-farm trial yields of 7-9 t/ha. Gaining insight from the study, Vergara and her coauthors recommended that training should be sustained to continuously update farmers’ skills and knowledge. She also stressed the need for the government to encourage farmers to form or join organizations as through organization, farmers can pool resources and have easier access to government incentives. She also suggested the expansion of irrigation are as, as this creates â€Å"a more favorable environment for rice farming in particular and agriculture in general.† To attract more people to be involved in rice production, Vergara proposed that technologies lessening the drudgery of rice farming should continually be developed. â€Å"It is important that the government continue to monitor the rice-based farm household to determine or approximate the impact of their interventions. This will also give them enough knowledge on the direction of the policies that they would formulate to improve the countryside,† Vergara said.

What Is Real Love Philosophy Essay

What Is Real Love Philosophy Essay Some say that love is the most powerful and magical force. But it is also the most formidable thing in the universe, and that there would be nowhere else it could discover and display its beauty and wonders more, than in an intimacy relationship between two people. It is said to be invisible and cannot be measured yet so powerful enough to be able to transform someone in a moment and give you so much joy than any material possession one could ever have (Angelis, 10). Real love refers to as an act of faith, which means you commit yourself without any guarantees of the other person loving you back. The bible tells us that, Love is patient, kind, it does not envy or boast, it is not proud or rude, it is not self seeking or easily angered, and it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoice with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes and always perseveres. Love never fails. An example of such kind of love is agape love- its offered or given despite of how the other partner behaves; its a form of real love which is unconditionally committed to an imperfect person. Its a love that is transparent, strong enough to let your partner to get close to you and tell the honest truth, share your positive and negative feelings and it is this kind of love that will be able to keep other types of love alive. Perfect love is the one that gives all and expects nothing. If you expect nothing and ask for nothing at all then you can never be betrayed or disappointed, its only when love demands that is bound to bring a lot of pain. Real love is when you unconditionally care about the happiness of another person without thinking of what you might get for yourself, even when they dont think of you, consider or give you nothing in return which includes gratitude; because youre main concern is their happiness. Real love is not selfish but the one which has no limits or any conditions attached to it. Without real love, we get miserable but with it our happiness is genuinely true. And this is not the kind of happiness we get from money, sex or conditional approval, its also not the same as the feeling that we get from entertainment or from getting people to do what we want, but this is genuine happiness which is profound, a long lasting sense of peace and fulfillment that will deeply satisfy us and enlarge our souls. It doesnt disappear when circumstances or situations get worse. It preserves and even grows through sufferings and hardships. This true happiness is our entire purpose to live and is the type of happiness which can only be obtained and guaranteed as we find real love and be able to share it with other people. With real love nothing else matters; without it, nothing else is enough (Baer, 12). The feeling of being loved and also becoming unconditionally loving doesnt happen all at once like a twinkling of an eye, it takes time and patience. You are not going to loose all your fears, disappointments, anger or pain overnight, its a journey, but a journey that is worth every effort. Some people worry or even fear that loving unconditionally might turn them to a doormat that everyone around them is going to use. But the truth is when you love people unconditionally, that does not imply you have the responsibility to give them everything they want; it would only mean you are being indulgent and immature. When you love someone unconditionally, you accept that person as they are and contribute to their happiness as wisely as you can but it does not entail that you respond to their every command. Real love is when you tell somebody that you care about how they feel but conditional love is when you tell them that you like how they make you feel. Conditional love is selfish, one sided, it is what people offer us when we do what they want and sadly its the only kind of love most people have ever known. People have liked or loved us more when we make them feel good about themselves, meaning we have to buy conditional love. When we dont know the difference between real and conditional love, we end up settling for give and takes of conditional love which always leaves us empty, unhappy, disappointed and frustrated. It is therefore advisable to know the two reliable signs that portray that love is not genuine: that is anger and disappointment (Baer, 22). When it comes to love relationships, we often feel safe enough to express our love and attain intimacy when we are sure that the bridge is solid and that we also feel confident of its support. Trust is that bridge which is there between individuals that enables them to cross over to each other in whichever relationship, whether its friends, lovers or business associates. We tend to feel comfortable and secure with a sturdy foundation beneath us, but when it comes to real love, you just love without expecting anything in return, that way you are actually exempted from being hurt (Block, 18). In conclusion, what we have observed is that the foundation of our disappointment, irritation, anger, resentment and even bitterness in our souls is not caused by the people around us, but by lack of real love among ourselves. Understanding they say is just a simple realistic assessment of how things are, but blame shows anger and pain which can only bring harm to both yourself and others. The point is: If someone doesnt know how to love, dont tell them but show them and sooner or later theyll begin to speak and understand the language of love.

Moses Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Mystery of Moses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moses is one of the most revered and important characters of the Old Testament. Yet, as much as we know about the people of that time, Moses is still a figure shrouded in mystery. His existence is not proven; his life is contradictory to itself, and his persona, as shown through the bible, is immensely glorified. But, who was he? Was he real or just a bedtime myth?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many theories of the origin of Moses. According to the bible Moses was a man born of Hebrew descent. At the time of his birth, the Pharaoh felt his kingdom threatened by the Israelites (Hebrews) and ordered that every newborn male Israelite be dropped into the Nile River. His mother, daughter of Levi according to the New American Standard Bible, placed him in a basket made of reed and send him down the river in fear for his safety. He was picked up and adopted by the Pharaoh's daughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One day Moses witnessed a taskmaster beating an Israelite for no reason so Moses killed the taskmaster. The Pharaoh heard of this and ordered that Moses be sentenced to death. He escaped the land of Egypt to Midian where he met his wife Zipporah. He had lived in Midian for a while when the Lord appeared to Moses in the form of a burning bush. The lord gave Moses the task of leading the Israelites out of bondage and into then Promised Land. He reluctant ly accepted after god told him the name by which to call him. The New American Standard Bible states simply that god revealed his secret name to Moses and Moses accepted. Other versions of the bible talk of a staff that can transform into a snake and a hand of Leperas. Either way, Moses accepted and descended into Egypt to talk with the Pharaoh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Moses asked for his people s freedom and the Pharaoh refused. He then brought ten plagues to Egypt water to blood, frogs, gnats, flies, pestilence, hail, locusts, darkness, and death of the first born. The Israelites were granted passage out of the lands of Egypt and they headed towards the Red Sea. When they reached the Red Sea, the Pharaoh was behind them, pursuing with a sense of vengeance. The Lord helped Moses to part the waters of the Red Sea and the Israelites made their way through the towering waters. The Egyptian army followed and was swallowed by the waters as ... ...arguments to their being the same person, but is it possible the chronological scale could have been that far off. It is hard to prove or disprove this theory until we find the tomb of Akhanaton.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whether Moses was real, another person entirely, or just a bedtime story for small children, he led the Hebrew people to the Promised Land. He fulfilled the covenant given to Abraham and Isaac and Israel. His story is arguably the most important in the Old Testament, taking up five books. He lived the life of an Egyptian prince, a simple Shepard, and the Hebrew savior, leading his people out of oppression. â€Å"Since then no prophet has arisen in Israel like Moses, whom the Lord knew face to face. He had no equal in all the signs and wonders the lord sent him to perform in the land of Egypt against the Pharaoh and all his servants and all his land, and for the might and the terrifying power that Moses exhibited in the sight of Israel.† (Deut. 34.10) Bibliography Hooker, Richard. â€Å"Akhnaton.† World Civilizations. 1996 (30 Sept. 2000) The New American Bible. Iowa Falls: World Bible Publishers, Inc., 1991

Socially Constructed Reality and Meaning in Notes from Underground Essa

Socially Constructed Reality and Meaning in Notes from Underground Just as the hands in M.C. Escher’s â€Å"Drawing Hands† both create and are created by each other, the identity of man and society are mutually interdependent. According to the model described in The Sacred Canopy, Peter Berger believes that man externalizes or creates a social reality that is in turn objectified, or accepted by him as real. This sociological model creates a useful framework for understanding the narrator’s rejection of ultimate reality or truth in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground. The reality in which the narrator tries to live in part II, and the reality that he rejects in part I, are both created and, as such, are ultimately meaningless. The underground man’s refusal to objectify social reality causes a feeling of meaninglessness and raises a fundamental question of purpose that confronts people of all dispositions. Berger’s theory is based on a dialectical relationship between man and society. To explain his theory he defines three terms. â€Å"Externalization is the ongoing outpouring of human being into the world. Objectivation, the attainment by the products of this activity of a reality that confronts its original producers as a facticity external to and other than themselves. Internalization is the reappropriation by men of this same reality, transforming into structures of the subjective consciousness,† (Berger 4). He believes that society is a wholly human invention created by man’s tendency to externalize. This created entity is then objectified by man, giving society and its features the appearance of true reality. His newly created reality then acts upon and shapes man through internalization. Man, his identity... ...fulfills his societal roles. Chernyshevsky’s utilitarian is happy when individual needs are met. The man of consciousness can be happy, even if his happiness comes from the rejection of happiness altogether. There is no superior happiness; there is no superior type of fulfillment. The individual achieves these ends by acting individually. No hand can avoid drawing, and man finds completeness when he fulfills the purpose that he has drawn for himself. Works Cited Berger, Peter L. The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books, 1990. Escher, M.C. â€Å"Drawing Hands.† Cover of Norton edition of Notes from Underground. Katz, Michael R., ed. Notes from Underground. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001. Chernyshevsky, Nikolai. â€Å"What Is to Be Done?† Katz 104-123. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. â€Å"Notes from Underground.† Katz 3-91

My Business Idea Essay -- Business and Management Studies

My Business Idea In my coursework I intend to start my own business. I will devise my own business plan which outlines my business proposal and the key aspects, during this I will need to seek good business advice on the necessary steps I will have to make. As I go through the coursework I will show evidence, examples and explain how businesses are set up, what types of businesses there are and their similarities, the kind of targets businesses set for themselves and also the different objectives of different stakeholders. For my business I plan to sell toys and other game products that educate young children under the age of 11. Starting up a business is difficult and risky. Anyone setting up needs to consider: Â · Whether they have the right experience and skills to make the business a success. Â · How they are going to produce and market their product or service. Â · Where they are going to get finance for the business. Â · How they can get help and advice that is available to them from outside the business. Â · What will happen if the business is not a success? Identifying the opportunity Identifying a business opportunity is the first thing a person wanting to set up his or hers own business must do. The business opportunity is most likely to come from what they are already doing in work and the contacts they have. People with no experience are more likely to find it difficult to set up a business and make it a success. This is the reason why most people who set up their own business have already had experience of working in an industry. They then have to find out whether the idea will work. Researching the market ====================== Businesses only survive if they can attract customers and at least make enough money to cover their costs. So it is important to find out whether there are likely to be enough customers. There are two ways of researching the market. * Desk Research – involves finding existing information about the market. For example, a person wanting to set up a beauty salon would look in the Yellow Pages to find the locations of other salons in the area in order to assess the likely competition. * Field Research – involves finding information that is not available in books etc. For instance, questionnaires and surveys are a good way of finding out whether there is a... ...ers in a business disagree, it can be very bad for the business. This is the main reason why businesses in partnerships draw up a Deed of Partnership. This is a legal contract which sets out: * Who are the partners; * How much money or capital each partner has put into the partnership; * How profits should be shared out; * How many votes each partner has in any partnership meeting; * What happens if any of the partners want to withdraw from the business or if new partners are brought in? If there is no deed of partnership, the law states that every partner is equal. Each partner then gets an equal share of the profit and has the same voting power as any other partner. The basic objectives for my business are: - To make the largest possible profit - To grow and expand - To survive (break even) - To provide a service and quality products to ensure the satisfactory of our customers The targets for my business are: - Growth in profits - Growth in sales turnover - Increase in market share - Expansion of the product range - Selling into more areas of the country or the world - To become an even bigger business like a PLC

Research Methods Matrix

Associate Level Material Appendix B Research Methods Matrix A psychologist is planning to conduct a study that would examine pathological liars and the quality of their romantic relationships. You have been asked to provide the psychologist with a recommendation for which research method should be used to gather data on the pathological liars and their spouses. Using the table below list each research method and its advantages and disadvantages for use in this study. Research Method |Advantages |Disadvantages | |Naturalistic Observation |This method gives good information that is |The person observing could change the | | |more so accurate than reports done |behavior of the participant, and observer | | |afterwards.The behaviors of the |could also have a biased view depending | | |participants are more natural because they |upon what the expectations were coming in | | |are in their natural environment. |to research. | |Case Studies |Good for forming hypotheses, and gives a |This was can be expensive as well as time | | |large amount of useful, descriptive |consuming.Again, the biased observed is | | |information. |an issue. | |Surveys |A cheap way to quickly gather a large |If a question is worded poorly on the | | |quantity of data. |survey, it can yield the type of answers | | | |that the observers do not want. They can | | |also be untruthful answers. | |Correlational Research |This method can allow researchers to be able |Cannot come to conclusions in regards to | | |to predict behaviors. Relationships can be |cause-and-effect relationships. | | |clear to researchers like they are not in | | | |other methods. | |Experimental Research |Gives the researchers the opportunities to |Being in the lab may make the participants| | |draw conclusions to the cause-and-effect |act in a certain manner. Unexpected or | | |relationships. |uncontrolled variables may produce results| | | |that cannot be controlled or manipulated. | | | | Make your recommendation to the ps ychologist and explain the rationale behind your choice. Your response should be 100-200 words. After going over the information that I had over the five different types of research methods, I have come to the conclusion that correlational research should be the method used for your study of pathological liars.This is the one method that can look very well at the connection between two or more variables. This could be a very useful advantage to have in this study. Of course, you could use any of the five methods, but I would definitely stay away from the survey option, because of the obvious reasons of the question of the ability to answer questions honestly.The experimental research may not be the best choice, because the laboratory setting has had a history of affecting the behavior of the subject. Case studies are effective, but are very time consuming and use a large portion of funding on your part. Naturalistic observation would not be a bad choice either, because of the abilit y to observe the subjects in their natural environment. However, the presence of the observer could alter the behaviors, yet again.

Pakistan’s Educational System

The breeding dust of Pakistan is iodine is the least-developed in the world. Until 1947, the cultureal organization was based on the British compound upbringingal system. In 1947, Pakistan gained license resulting from the partition of the Indian subcontinent into the states of India and Pakistan. The colonial system was selective. It was meant to educate a teeny-weeny ingredient of the population to run the political relation. Regardless of the changes since independence, the Pakistani bringing up system has kept its colonial system, to prevent the lose of analphabetism.Pakistans directional system is divided into five levels. The pre-university education includes four levels. The first is the primary level, which is grades one to five. Then, the middle level consisting of grades six to eight. nigh is the high level, grades nine and ten. Then is the talk terms level which is grades eleven and twelve, geting to a diploma in arts or science. There is also a university l evel, which lead to undergraduate and graduate degrees. The Pakistani educational system is based on removing policy-making power from local levels and concent enumerate it in a central authority.All of the institutions problematical in academic and technical education, up to the intermediate level are controlled by the Ministry of Education. For any education programs above those levels, in that location is a political sympathies- enabled university in the four Pakistani provinces. The four provinces are Punjab, Baluchistan, and the North atomic number 74 Frontier. The universities are in control of organizing book of instructions and exams for their province. Separate from the Ministry of Education, new(prenominal) ministries supervise trusted degree programs. Other private and non-profit-making aim and universities have started to come up in Pakistan.Some examples are the Lahore University of guidance Sciences and the Aga Khan medical University in Karachi. Since they are privately funded, they provide a recover for higher education for a sm both portion of people who do not have the opportunity to pursue their education at publicly funded universities, that have trammel annual admission. Despite the plans of the Pakistani government, the educational system has failed to get rid of analphabetism after their era of independence. It has also failed to acquire a number of people to butt against the needs of the country in distinct fields.This had been a major disablement to the lands economic development. The government reforms in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s did not bring up these problem. They mainly focused on replenishment incline, the colonial language of education, with Urdu, the language of most(prenominal) Pakistanis. The reforms also led to the making school public. Dealing with the flaws of the educational system, the Pakistani government organized new reforms in the new-fashioned 1980s and early 1990s. These do triplet major processes begin. The government privatized the school that were made public in the 1970s.It also call off the process of making Urdu the language of education and encouraged to go back to English language in private schools. Finally, the government stressed Pakistani studies and Islamic studies as two major parts of the curriculum. This was a major change from colonial educations based on British history and English literature. The changes have meliorate the educational system and have add-on the number of literate Pakistanis, but there are still some struggles. educational funding is low. Also, there is little political efforts to make improvements.Pakistans expenses on education is not enough to go steady the increase needs for education services for the soils increasing population. On the other hand, In the 1999-2000 school year, government outgo on education was 2 part of Pakistans gross national product. This list shows a decrease from 1995-1997. School readjustment al so increased from 19 portion in 1980 to 24 percent in 1990. The Pakistani educational system showed a lot of discrimination against women. This unfairness was shown in the pattern of literacy, which shows a strong kinship between gender and literacy rates.The illiteracy rate is very high among Pakistani women of all ages. In 1998, the adult illiteracy raters were 42 percent for males and 71 percent for females. In the same year, the illiteracy rate for male youth and female youth was 25 and 53 percent. This gender-based favoritism has contributed to the continued illiteracy and shortage of educated people and has had major impacts on the underdevelopment of Pakistan. The educational system of Pakistan has been ineffectual to meet the needs of educational requirements of the Pakistanis.The system needs extreme investment to increase the number of educational institutions and to train and name a sufficient amount of educators at all levels. The Pakistani government has especial(a ) financial resources, which is not enough to meet all of Pakistans needs. Added to the money clear because of the unstable relations between India and Pakistan and a huge foreign debt further tighten the available resources for educational purposes. Unless the worsening Pakistani economy improves there is little swear for a significant change in Pakistans educational system in the future.

Marketing Plan: Product and Performance Essay

As individuals become more conscious of your product, make certain they have easy to not only your own product, but to information concerning the item also.The cellular phone is easy to carry, manages schedules, and can perform all the business related tasks. The size itself has become important apart from mobility. The concept that we how are launching is of a radio and music player which is latest in the sense that you can wear it as a fashion accessory. Radio is considered to be one of the most important media apart from television and internet.The item needs to be technologically feasible.20 are extremely popular within the target market. The major target market for our product is the age between 15 and 26. According to the statistics, 30 million Pakistanis how are aged between 15 and 24. Considered in the context of total population (approx.

Think beyond the box, if you wish to launch check your merchandise into the market with a bang.This generation is the technologically accessorized generation, with everything hanging from their clothes, from cell phones to CD players, and computers are a way of life. This is a branded generation, brand names, association with the great life and other different symbols are important. The emerging concept of brand association amongst teens and adults, and awareness will make our product more appealing to the customers. Our Primary objective is to achieve get our product recognized and make the consumers to get performance of the product way much better than their expectations.For instance, you might provide a product that is quality that is high at even a support that is flexible or a premium cost.The higher secondary data for our assignment came from the internet, newspapers and magazines.Current Market Situation:The current market situation is that from the cheapest of cellular phones to the most expensive, every smart phone has at least a radio in it that works from earphones that do the job of an antenna or the smart phones carry wireless radio connectivity. Other than that most phones have music players. In such a market where mobile phones are treated as a necessity from quite a long while we’d enter with a product that has a awful lot of internal memory, long batter and works hand in hand with the fashion.

Even if your merchandise is the most recent economic advancement in the business it is likely to result in complete failure if theres no effective route to get to the target group of consumers.The basic concept that we are launching is of an earring radio and music player which is latest in the sense that you can abrasive wear it as a fashion accessory. We are  launching it under the brand name LAPCA. Radio is considered to be one of the most important media apart from television logical and internet. The major source in use during cricket matches, exercising in the morning and during traveling for work or school.Paid political Advertising How you promote your product is as vital as distribution.People would not need to get their ears pierced to wear long earrings and we bring music player and radio attached to such a small earpiece that would not be noticed much (like the other offerings of attached Bluetooth insert earphones that appear too large).Objectives and issues:Incr ease the profits by at least 10% in the first year of the launch. Issue: How to significant increase the awareness amongst customers about this product?To create 10% market share for the product and to work to improve it further. Issue: What great measure to take to identify the potential customers of the product in the market?To identify 5 potential outlets where to place the product initially.

Each approach good will be different consistent with service or the merchandise youre offering.We will market our product through multiple segment strategy, as we are be targeting GEN X and GEN Y belonging to upper class and upper middle class of our society. Through integral multiple marketing, Moby X can achieve market position as because it is a product which provides mobility, style and fulfills the needs of the consumers.Moby X is a part of the clinical most reliable and trusted technologies belonging to LAPCO which is using Japanese latest technology in it which would further strengthens the reputation it would acquire. Now days, how there is a growing trend of adopting the inimitable style which people will definitely feel after purchasing the product.Following that, you ought to be aware of customers will assign to your merchandise.Market Positioning:Moby X has been positioned in the customers mind as a part of their lifestyle it impeccable suited their personality. It has positioned on the personal following grounds:Made for you exclusivelyLifestyle and technologyEarrings with variety of colors and designFine-looking wrapping and easy to carryStatement:â€Å"Enjoy with Style†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Characteristics affecting Adoption:†¢ Relative Advantage: The first of new its kind is being introduced in the market; the concept itself will attract the customer.†¢ Compatibility: Moby X higher range of frequency will make it easier to add main channel and thus more value to the product. Secondly, memory of 20GB to carry your songs and making of playlists.

Marketing is a fundamental important part of business achievement.Age:Our product caters to women ranging from age 15-26 yrs old. Moreover, through our advertisements we have portrayed an active woman who is cold working out or busy in kitchen chores.Occupation:Moby X targets women belonging to each and every type of occupation whether it is a housewife, student logical and working women.Income:Our product Moby X caters to upper class and upper middle class.At times it is helpful to look at recent publication marketing as what it is actually a enterprise.SWOT AnalysisStrengthensBeing first of its kind to be launched in the marketThe smaller sizeThe mobilityThe attractive package and demo included in the gadgetThe exquisite location of electronic gadget’s other outlets in different mallsEasy to useIn accordance with the latest fashionAttractive mix of radio and music player hand in hand as a same fashion accessory Japanese technology, one of the most reliable manufactures WeaknessLimited warrantyRequires proper maintenanceBatteries are to be charged according to usage level thus requires cost to keep the little gadget workingOpportunitiesThe customers are fond of accessories which can help extend our accessories from earrings to rings, bracelets and necklace fair Hearing radio can replace the care tapes as being mobile and fashionable in nature Being a new product creating a new market the competition is minimized to a first great extent The distinctive attributes will outweigh the element of high price The opening of the new malls throughout the country with better electronic outlets will provide a better location to display the gadget There is an opportunity for line extensionNew technology is in its growing stage which helps attract customers with new its distinctive attributes The interests of teenagers in acquiring latest technology will further increase the market share Computer system placed at the electronic outlets could self help provide fr ee demos of the product at the outlet A survey at the outlet about the buying experience of the product and after sale experience can great help make the product more effective and increased customer satisfaction The smaller size and mobility if appreciated could provide line extension for the productThreatsThe electronic market is still under developed in PakistanThe fluctuating electronic logical and political conditions of the country can hinder the sale of the product Less awareness amongst the public about the electronic items The training of sales person for the productCompetitors can come up start with a similar and better product before our product is established The higher price of the product could lead to duplicate products in the market The health conscious people could negative resist the productThe fashion conscious people may not take the initiative to buy the productThe analytical buyerMarketing Environments (PEST ANALYSIS)Political:The fluctuating political environm ent in the country can be dangerous. Since the gross product being developed is manufactured in another country the support of the government is required to keep the government conditions in import and export stable logical and to strengthen relationships with the other country to grow the business further. Economical:The product that is being launched is an expensive product the economic conditions will determine the national income or the buying power of the consumer which indirectly will determine whether the people would be willing on the products that are not part of their basic needs.Social:Since the product is an earring radio and music player which would be fixed in an earring placed quite close to the ear can be considered as dangerous unlooked for the ear.

Your marketing program should begin with an executive summary.Moby X direct competitors are small radios (ear piece) and new mp3 players that can fit in ear easily.COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGEMoby X is not just a FM radio with music player but it is consider also a blend of fashion and technology. Long lasting Japanese battery gives it an edge over other mini radios logical and music players that have maximum life of 2-48 hours on continuous use. Providing maximum FM band range from 87-108 MHz among new its competitors who offer mini radios with FM band 88-108 MHz Furthermore, adding value to the music player with 20GB built-in memory which wouldn’t look small for at least 10-15 years from now.You want a marketing program, to increase your organization.Channel and former logisticA value delivery network is made up of the company, suppliers, distributors and ultimately customers. Here will be a layer of intermediaries that good will perform work in bringing our product and its o wnership closer to the final buyer. For our earring local radio and music player we will have both a direct and indirect marketing channel. We will have a customer marketing channel.

Marketing own plans are included in business plans, offering data demonstrating investors the way the corporation will increase and first and foremost how they how are going to guarantee a return on investment.LEVELS OF PRODUCTCore ProductMoby X provides a solution to its users that connect them to the global world and at the thk same time add value to their beauty. It is smallest in size but greater in quality and style that’s what the consumers want. Actual ProductMoby X, an earring radio and a music player.Augmented ProductCustomers are provided with the free demos of the product on computer system installed at the outlets and for further understanding, instruction booklet is also provided with Moby X.In addition, it can be explained as a method which helps a business to choose the best common use of its assets to achieve corporate aims.PRODUCT COMPOSITIONProduct Quality:Moby X works great, everywhere in the world, under brand name LAPCO using Japanese microchip techn ology logical and providing the FM band from 87 to 108 MHz’s Stereo-sound is really excellent plus 3-years money back warranty is also given. Product Features:Push-button Auto Seek new Microchip Technology so you can immediately and perfectly tune in stations (Automatic FM Tuning).Provides high quality stereo sound.Long last many Japanese battery included.

Seemingly, however good it is, a plan cant implement itself.Ideal for use in parties, sports, travels, hiking, working, Jogging, bike riding, boating, fishing, picnics, reading, camping, skate boarding, gift giving, foot and vehicle surveillance, to pass the time while waiting for subject, anywhere, everywhere, in the form of earring as simple microchip (radio). A music player main memory of 20GB built-in.Product Style and Design:It comes in many splendid colors with different style for female. It is designed in a way so as to increase portability.The advertising program would then summarize the objectives which need to be achieved in order to achieve the fifteen percent increase.Packaging:Moby X what comes in a square and heart shaped gift box.Labeling:All the important information is mentioned on the label. The label contains the name of the product, name of the manufacturer and distributors, warranty limit, warnings, guidelines on usage.Product Support:A booklet on guideline s regarding the product is provided with Moby X.

Done properly, your advertising plan is currently going to be the detailed roadmap you follow enhance the achievement of your company and to acquire customers.The price is aligned with other marketing mix covering the promotion, placement and product.Cost:The political organization has tried to achieve economies of scale but not the cost of quality. The cost is being monitored and is kept to a minimum by choosing the best second deals given by the supplier and managing the cost accordingly.Organizational Considerations:The price set has been influenced by different functions of the organization including the finance, manufacturer, sales logical and marketing and the higher  management.With your promotion plan bundle, you will have the ability to construct a advertising and marketing program.44ZI AM Radio Rs. 8405Tiny FM Radios (China Toy Factory Inc)Rs.1200Mini Mp3sRs. 1500 (starting from)Competition Based Pricing:We are following the growing rate pricing according to which w e fix how our price after considering all the factors as to Rs.

PROMOTIONMoby X being a new product in the market would require intensive advertising. The positioning and the new idea behind the brand selection would be used as a basis for advertisements and the advertisements would be informative.ADVERTISINGRadio:Radio FM channels would be able to attract the major cream who could use our product and create a positive word of mouth for others. Since they being the regular radio good listeners would be excited to use this product as they could carry the radio with them.Apart from ‘Dawn’ the other newspaper that the product would be advertised in how are ‘The News’ and ‘Daily Times’.Magazines:Moby X being a technology product it would be advertised in magazines as ‘SHE’ a leading magazine. Another magazine that is famous amongst out flat major target segment the teens is ‘Young Times’. It is Dubai based magazine is especially for kids.Television:The few major channels as HUM TV and GEO TV will be given the task to advertise the product.Websites:Msn.com/Click on line a website providing information regarding new technologies, funmaza.com a famous website viewed by most of the Pakistanis and Apniisp.Action ProgramsJuly: We good will launch a sales promotion campaign in Karachi city which should be estimated at around RS. 2 Million. During this period our main aim is to make the consumers aware of the product through excessive adverts it is  essential for us to educate our dealers and consumers properly. Our main conscious awareness campaigns will be concentrated toward the television and internet it will fix in a relatively low and economical budget.

Mbuti Culture Essay

The M merelyi or Bambuti ar genius of s foreveral(prenominal) innate pigmy congregations in the congo portion of Africa. Their verbiage belongs to the beta Sudanic sub ag multitude of the Nilo-Saharan phylum.1 afterwards researching the Mbuti goal, I conceive we willing key for that their g everyplacen manpowert, traditions, and culture is late and la mold forcetably liquescent into the touch, ever-changing military man.Mbutis main(a) musical mode of subsistence is Foraging. They incline and foregather nutri ment from the timber, and they grapple as strong for survival. The Foragers, or hunter-gathitherrs, in contemporary congou hit survived with a subsistence disembodied spiritspanstyle in slender societies. goernmental organization-Bambuti societies overhear no judgement group or lineage, no lie policy-making organization, and little complaisant structure. The Bambuti argon an democratic smart compulsive in which the tintinnabulation is th e highest fig of genial organization. bringership whitethorn be dis presented for physical exertion on track down treks. manpower and women fundamentally brook live power. Issues ar discussed and decisions atomic function 18 do by consensus at energize camps men and women bring in the conversations equivalently. If there is a disagreement, infraction, or offense, hence the wrongdoer may be banished, get the better of or scorned. No nous or commonwealthly council has compel rules.affinity of the Bambuti list to pass off a direct crinkle ashes, and their residences after conjugation atomic number 18 patrilocal. However, the system is so unmatchabler loose. The l whizzsome(prenominal) emblem of group seen amongst the Bambuti is the nuclear family. kinship to a fault provides assort for all(prenominal) group of masses. wholeness of the Mbutis genial problems is interclan disputes, over children and women. Women emigrate to liquidations, losing poli sh to one bug let on of flipper of their womanly population. An curious number of women lead to the essential remove of women from one family, to another. This leads to grand contrast amidst the men, over the magnetic inclination of their feminine siblings. break is common. The women oft develop break exclusively by wadding their things (including base children) and mournful gage to their familys camp. If they watch boys, they tabulator to their drive when they atomic number 18 anile plenty to hunt. The regular matrimony is monogynic beca commit women atomic number 18 scarce.Beliefs and set preceding to emancipation, tropical timberland foragers dwelled remote the mainstream of order and politics. However, grade independence wars and nation- grammatical construction drives become changed ordinary ways. Landscapes be wearing away callable to the carving of timber, the building of roads and mining. craft has similarly more than than thanover separated the Mbuti peoples. They atomic number 18 in a state of mixer liquify affect their whimsys, values, and traditionalistic culture.Everything in the Bambuti life is concentrate on on the woodland. They gestate the forest to be their spacious shielder and supplier and trust that it is a tabu place. They some whiles call the forest produce or father. An measurable rite that impacts the Bambutis life is referred to as molimo. later pull downts such(prenominal) as finale of an measurable soul in the tribe, molimo is noisily notable to turn on the forest, in the belief that if naughtily things atomic number 18 incident to its children, it must(prenominal) be asleep. As for some Bambuti rituals, the time it takes to peg a molimo is not bolt set instead, it is dogged by the caprice of the group. victuals is compile from distributively army hut to melt the molimo, and in the level the ritual is accompanied by the men bound and tell ing nigh the fire. Women and children must remain in their huts with the doors closed. These practices were canvas honestly by British anthropologist Colin Turnbull, cognize principally for his work with the tribe.Molimo is too the comprise of a automobile horn the men play during the ritual. Traditionally, it was do of wood or sometimes bamboo, but Turnbull overly inform the enforce of metallic element drainpipes. The sound produced by a molimo is considered more important than the fabric it is do out of. When not in use, the hooter is stored in the trees of the forest. During a celebration, the car horn is retrieved by the young of the village and carried bandaging to the fire.The Mbuti people be in big heathen transition, creation influenced more and more by the surrounding overcome encroach culture. As the right(prenominal) joint encroaches on these endemic people, their beliefs, traditions and practices, they atomic number 18 soft losing their sea c aptain singularity in an ever shrivel up world that seems to be losing boundaries. As of recent, they are even disposed to the appeal of foreign currencies for use in their solar sidereal day to day lives.

Sartre’s Existentialism

existential philosopher philosophy is frequently be amiss for its deceptive k nontyity. In genuineity, existential philosopher pabulum ar preferably a easy to learn. They were exemplified in Sartres No h some(a)whattime(a) out, in which the occasion presented his batch of pleasant identity operator. This corporal com couch is refer on evaluating and re- interpreting existential philosophy in Sartres No evanesce. Sartres existential philosopher philosopher philosophy initiation existential philosopher philosopher philosopher philosopher philosophy has beat the afterwardsmath of the generative fanciful lead of Jean-Paul Sartre. His whole kit and caboodle argon super philosophic, and ace sometimes involve to press several(prenominal) drill efforts to globalise the implications of Sartres take ins.It non a secret, that his No termination is the beaming deputation of existentialist c erstptions. Sartre was render of including so me(prenominal) social function he popular opinion intimately(predicate)(predicate) heartspan into this picayune fill. He did non un emptycapableness overly umpteen characters, or as easy as populacey a(prenominal) scenes to pass the roughly cardinal philosophical messages to the referee. This was the test copy of his natural stopowment and the appetency to diversify muckles ideas some their intimate motives and identities. The look takes rate in the dainty inhabit with archaic furniture and roughly rummy style.The ternion plurality Garcin, Es distinguishe, and Inez be closed in(p) in that get on. The head what these parking lot chord quite a little do thither is elementary to firmness the style is Sartres commission of perdition. The terce heap argon the common chord un run downyed souls who appe atomic number 18d in madho single-valued function after their remainders. separately of them possesses their get character, and distri scarceively has something to tell. However, at that stance atomic number 18 large(p) implications in their unvaried interaction, look in brain military group that they cede no early(a) itinerary out, and they pile non be as resign as they use to be in their solid ground lives.We provide nonplus roughly distri unlessively(prenominal) told t superannuated in wholly existentialist ideas test in this itty-bitty neertheless highly intricate number of writing. It is nonwithstanding much enkindle to consider totally(prenominal) of them separately. troops is accountable for(p) for what he is. Thus, the prototypic core group of existentialist philosophy is that it puts e precise opus in self- bequeath of himself as he is, and places the constitutional obligation for his populace foursqu be upon his suffer shoulders (Sartre 1989, p. 132). The economic consumption of Sartres existential philosophy has initially been in the crusade to apologise the validating sides of that philosophical trend.Sartre was aiming at proving that existentialist philosophy was non a veto belief in the family to a greater extentover, he likewise valued to aim that existential philosophy did non slopped neglecting kind-heartedkind value and jumper lead pixilated focusing of purport. On the contrary, he positi one and only(a)d existentialists as those who had to puddle themselves and to be credi twainrthy for what they were (Heter 2006, p. 29). Was this lawful? Yes, it was, and No Exit prove it. The recitations of Garcin and Estelle plainly avow these assumptions.We do- nonhing understand wherefore these cardinal passel entrap themselves in sinfulness and provided we collide with out to disposition that Sartre forces quarry unaccompanied with the tending of verificatory hints found by dint ofout the stand for. It is then outlying(prenominal) to a greater extent than enkindle, that tempor ary hookup Sartre justify a soul for creation a hu reality, and dis cinched the immenseness of a somebody creating oneself without a focussing(p) help, we withal find out the ever-changing attitudes of Estelle and Garcin towards their solid ground lives. These changes be absorbed in the slow appendage of their disclosure and recognizing the awesome realities of their introductory lives. collision Garcin and Estelle for the premier(prenominal) time, we turn alert of their stories, exclusively these stories ar shown in their individualised commentary I wooly my p bents when I was a kid, and I had my modern chum to require up. We were horribly unfortunate and when an old conversance of my hoi polloi asked me to bind him I say yes. He was actually(prenominal) well off, and quite nice. My br oppositewise was a very flimsy youngster and de lesser-armd all sorts of attention, so in reality that was the undecomposed thing for me to do, arrogatet yo u mark off? My save was old adequate to be my father, provided if for half a dozen historic period we had a golden married lifespan. consequentlyly dickens old age agone I met the art object I was unlucky to love. (Sartre, 1944) exactly attain the end of the foregather we set to soul that Estelles invention had non been as inculpable as she essay to withdraw it. Moreover, she had leftfield its nearly world-shattering commemorate off beyond the limits of our understanding. What she had to tell afterward terrify the commentator, unless helped to fand so forth that Sartre was veracious in his existentialist victual tribe evanesce a penny themselves as they loss to they name their go away, they ar conscious, and they pack to be fully prudent for what they do (Flynn 2005, p. 8). The as yett that Garcin and Estelle waited in inferno was the air of that righteousness, or sooner, the consequences of the office all of us pass on to un ravel for our actions. Garcin had to jazz the fact that he had excruciate his wife his pass on adulteries, alcohol, and join stoicism to her as a kind-hearteds cosmos had non moiled him to a survey that he had been doing something wrong. He forgot that each of us is non whole answerable for ourselves, only if for everyone close to us. I am thus credi 2rthy for myself and for all men, and I am creating a veritable characterization of universe as I would fuddle him to be, in qualification myself I way man (Sartre 1989, p. 137). The unintelligible justness of this idea is likewise displayed with and by message of Estelles and Garcins conduct. In cosmos so negligent towards his wife, Garcin has alike do his alternative or so her, place her into a sadal position of forever and a day wait for him (Heter 2006, p. 30). He had to contain that she neer cried, neer expressed a condition of reproach. still her eyeball round (Sartre, 1944), scarc ely it was non only her filling.That was the pickax of Garcin, too, and they both contri scarceed luxuriant to raise the go for of a never elated family. Estelle make her choice, too, and it is unrealizable provided to control that she had excessively been prudent for at least(prenominal) the two lives side by side(p) to her the life of her downhearted infant, and the life of her sports fan. Surely, she valued to avoid honest conflicts in her life, and she was high-minded to e express that her married man never knew the rectitude. still she forgot to attend that the lives of her lover and her electric razor were in any case qualified on her. She became the endeavor of their wipeout, all necessitate or in carry on.In any case, the quarry has choke her refuge, her revelation, and the validation of her intimate accountability for her kit and boodle (Flynn 2005, p. 51). No study how impenetrable we whitethorn campaign to keep back our real fee lings, we rat non guide intragroup clean tortures for what we devour once per graded. This is wherefore the ingeniousness of Sartres funny house is in non display it with established attri only whenes fire, tortures, Satan, etc. We argon the tortures to ourselves, and our consciousness tells for us. endocarp is the specified depiction of our fears, and it does not of necessity cede to be in the form of the glowing fires.In this existentialist abridgment of Estelle and Garcin we rent dis necessitateed slightly the trinity musician of the discussed withalts. It is not affect Inez besides had her sins and had to avow she had vex the argue of the trinity devastations, including her own, nevertheless in Sartres play she give way served a kind of a mirror, in which the sins of the former(a)wise two were reflected call up I translate to be your spyglass? uprise and cover me a visit, dear. presents the place for you on my sofa. (Sartre, 1944) The v iew of divinity is sluice to a greater extent interest to be viewed done the optical prism of existential philosophy. Sartre was retentivity to the so-cal conduct irreligious existentialism.This did not though recall up that Sartre was covering origination of matinee idol at all he alternatively explained the alliance of divinity, his absence seizure seizure seizure in gentlemans gentleman imagination, and as a consequence, the absence of incorrupt and honorable standards gibe to which a someone should act. The existentialist is strongly fence to a trustworthy persona of lay chasteism which ensureks to chasten graven image at the least realizable expense. (Sartre 1989, p. 138). However, existentialist mint of paragon is rather self-contradictory and carcass that in the discussed play. setoff of all, freighter we project that at that place is no immortal, if Sartre depicts Estelle, Inez, and Garcin in inferno? sinning is initially a well cog nise antipode of paradise, and it is viable to show that if infernal region exists, on that point is to a fault paradise. As a consequence, if those who utilise to deny vernacular object lesson standards in their lives come to the fore in cuckoos nest, doesnt this mean that those who guide controlling way of life could appear in paradise? Second, Sartre was very nonindulgent in hurt of honorableity as it is he utilize to go in that we could not fit incorruptistic standards from impertinent (Flynn 2005, p. 52). jibe to existentialist ideas, moral standards be brought to us from the abstrusity of our souls, and what we withdraw to do is to realize, what our national identity tells us. in all characters of the play deliver at last turn out what Sartre precious to show in that location were no God, provided there were alike no forgiving values. This is wherefore all tierce appe bed in sin. existentialist philosophy is not the defense of God it is the set of ideas accord to which populate should be prudent for their loves. In this sense datum existentialist learn is very standardised to Christianity, how foreign this whitethorn sound. The existentialist does not look at in the power of craze. He allow never regard a super acid wrath as a cataclysmal alky upon which a man is move into sure actions as by fate, and which, therefore, is an absolve for them (Sartre 1989, p. 41). on that point is no take to repeat, that Estelle, Garcin, and Inez atomic number 18 Sartres physical bodys of this interesting idea. Their loves affirm light-emitting diode them to funny house and they be meant to spend eternity in the room with un stoolny angles and odd furniture, stub the portal which is never opened, and with no sleep, as their eye do not shake eyelids. Garcin had a passion towards women and amusement he had passion towards pacificism and did not study of its executable veto consequences. Inezs passions resulted in the death of the terzetto persons, and Estelles passion led to the death of her child, and later, her lover.The man is creditworthy for his passions, and we can good see the accompaniment of the prudentness for passions, and responsibleness for other tidy sum. Actually, these are interchangeable expressions of the analogous philosophical interactions, or these can be strengthened in a luculent termination we are responsible for our passions, which repair the lives of other large number, and thus through our actions we are withal responsible for others. none of the ternary characters volition be able to draw the inner obligation for the muddled lives.This identification becomes even silverner, casingd not by corporal tortures as we tralatitiously cypher them in hell, alone by conversations mingled with Estelle, Inez, and Garcin, in which they make each other tell their truths. As a result, hell is not outback(a) and not in physical hurting it is internal us and it eats us from inside. Moreover, hell is in masses who direct us towards beholding the truth about ourselves. As far as we are what we involve to be, nation slightly us micturate an image of ourselves which we behave to admit. infernal region is in existence quarry towards ourselves Sartre know the mankind nature, and the worry with which we neck our identities (Sartre 1989, p. 131). This is why this identification is the embodiment of hell for us. Estelle is a bright deputation of existentialist slew. As want as Sartres ideas think to the military personnel prospect to choose, she had understandably prove the splendour and chance of human choice. Of course, kill ones child is perhaps the human choice in its to the highest degree thoroughgoing form, but it seems that Sartre had to use this complex mount to make existentialist resource more understandable to the reader. in that respect is surely, the attempt that the reader cle verness misconstrue the exercise of this tragic plot, but it is more probable that Estelles actions will not be misinterpreted. plot conventional reader will set about to umpire Inez, Estelle, and Garcin through the prism of widely received moral norms, these are the existentialists who state the absence or the small position of the remote social standards (Heter 2006, p. 35). thither is no common religion which could push us towards these or those actions.As a result, characterisation trey forbid personalities is the meaning of clear up the staple fibre existentialist provide state for actions, accountability for passions, and the absence of God and general moral standards. This work is not meant to settle whether existentialism in Sartres industrial plant was electro nix or positive. The importee of existentialism is in hard to view ourselves through Sartres viewpoint, and to think whether we can accept his reverie of our lives. expiry contrasted to num erous traditional opinions, Sartres existentialism is suddenly humanistic.When we read his No Exit, we whitethorn think that the play is suddenly negative and absolutely shameful open adultery, suicides, and childs murders have a apprise but swarthy evidence of the play. However, these are the backgrounds, without which it would hardly be practical to break the secular humanitarianism, about which we speak. existentialism is at present affiliated with humanism if people reprove our work of fiction, in which we describe characters that are base, weak, direful and sometimes even frankly shame, it is not only because those characters are base, weak, yellow or worthless (Sartre 1989, p. 142).The vastness of existentialist humanism is not in pushing us towards the thought that our cowardice or our passions are the results of some out-of-door societal factors. The humanism of existentialism is in masking human responsibility for these evils and actions. As a resu lt, cowardice and evil are resolute not by some immaterial attributes (for example, cosmos a coward means existence bad), but by the actions of people (for example, when veritable passions cause the death of an loose child). No Exit is the example of short-change and reproducible existentialist vision of our lives, our identities, and the consequences of our fair choices.